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BASKETBALL Grades 8– 10
Court and Equipment
Basketball is played by two teams of five players each on a rectangular court, generally 50 by 94 feet for college and professional teams, 50 by 84 feet for high school players. (These dimensions are called "ideal" in the rules; they are not definitely prescribed, and high school teams often have smaller courts.) The court is divided into halves by the half court line.
At the center of a court is the center jump circle, and at either end of the court, 4 feet from the end line, there is a basket, a rim 18 in diameter and 10 feet above the floor, from which hangs a net of white cord 15 to 18 in long. Behind each basket is a backboard. For college and professional play, it is a glass rectangle 72 in wide by 48 in high; high schools may use a fan-shaped backboard 54 in wide. Beneath each basket a 12-foot lane (16 feet in professional play) is marked, ending at the free throw line, which is 15 feet from the basket. The free throw circle is inscribed around the line.
The 3-point line is an arc 19 feet, 9 inches from the basket in college basketball, 20 feet, 6 inches under international rules. In the NBA, the line is 23 feet, 9 inches from the basket for most of its length but only 22 feet away in the corners.
The basketball is spherical, 29 ½ to 30 inches in circumference and 20 to 22 ounces in weight. When dropped from a height of 6 feet a properly inflated ball will bounce to a height of 49-54 inches.
Timing A professional game consists of four 12-minute quarters; a college game of two 20-minute halves; a high school game of four 8-minute quarters. The clock is started when the ball is tapped on the opening center jump. It stops when a foul is called, a violation occurs, a jump ball is signaled, or timeout is called.
An official may call a timeout because of an injury, in order to confer with scorers or timers, or because of a delay in getting a dead ball alive (if, for example, a ball goes out of bounds into a crowd, and there is delay in getting it back, since the clock doesn't stop merely because the ball has gone out of bounds). A player can also call timeout for the team, if the player's team has possession of the ball or the ball is dead. Each team is allowed five timeouts in a game (seven in professional basketball) and one timeout in an overtime period (two in professional basketball).
The clock starts again on a jump ball, when the ball is tapped by one of the jumping players; on a missed free throw, when the ball is touched by a player; on a throw-in, when the ball is touched by a player on the court.
If the regulation game ends in a tie, there is an overtime period of 5 minutes in college and professional ball, 3 minutes in high school. If the score is still tied at the end of the overtime period, there is another overtime period, and so on, until time expires with one tem ahead.
| Basketball Rules |
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SCORING:
- 2 point field goal- a shot made from anywhere during play inside the 3 pt arc.
- 3 point field goal- a shot made from anywhere outside the 3 pt arc.
- Free throw- 1 point is awarded to an unguarded shot taken from behind the free throw line while the clock is stopped.
SKILLS:
- Boxing out- a player’s position between an opposing player and the basket to obtain a better rebounding position.
- Dribbling- bouncing the ball with 1 hand using your fingertips instead of your palm so that it rebounds back to yourself (the only legal way to move with the ball)
- Passing- moving the ball by throwing, bouncing, handing, or rolling it to another player (Chest, Bounce, Lob)
- Shooting- throwing the ball to make a basket
- Pivoting- stepping once or more in any direction with the same foot while holding the other foot at its initial point.
- Rebounding- The recovering of a shot that bounces off the backboard or the rim.
FOULS: results in one or more free throws awarded to the opposing team
- Blocking- impeding the progress of an opponent by extending one or both arms horizontally or getting in the path of a moving player.
- Charging- running into a stationary player while you are moving with the ball.
- Hacking- the player hits the arm or hand of the person holding the ball.
- Holding- the player holds the person with or without the ball.
VIOLATIONS: results in a change of possession with the team in bounding the ball at the side line opposite where the infringement took place
- Traveling- moving illegally with the ball
- Three seconds- an offensive player remains in the key (free throw lane- the area under the basket) for more than 3 seconds
- Double dribble- a player dribbles the ball with both hands at the same time or they stop and then start dribbling again
TERMS:
- Air ball- a shot that completely misses the rim and the backboard
- Assist- a pass to a teammate who then scores a field goal.
- Defense- team trying to stop the other team from scoring
- Dunk- to throw the ball down into the basket with the hand above the level of the rim
- Fast break- dribbling or passing the ball towards your basket before the defense can set up
- Man-to-man- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an assigned player
- Offense- team trying to score
- Turn over- any loss of the ball without a shot being taken
- Zone defense- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead of a player (2-1-2, 2-3)
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